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Ciudades Intermedias: Una oportunidad para dinamizar el Desarrollo Sostenible de los Territorios Rurales en Centroamérica

Fuente: Cepad

El Centro para la Participación y el Desarrollo Humano Sostenible (CEPAD), en conjunto con la Universidad Internacional de la Florida (FIU), el Consejo de Gobernadores del Paraguay y el Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA), organizan el viernes 24 de febrero, en San José, Costa Rica, el evento “Ciudades Intermedias: una oportunidad para dinamizar el desarrollo sostenible de los territorios rurales en Centroamérica”.

El evento tiene como finalidad identificar los elementos necesarios para poder impulsar el desarrollo, las estrategias a nivel político, técnico, económico y ambiental y las estrategias para viabilizar la inversión pública y privada para el fortalecimiento de Ciudades Intermedias. Según detalló Rubens Barbery, presidente del CEPAD.

Participarán como expositores especialistas destacados en diferentes materias de Bolivia, Paraguay, Brasil, Colombia, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, México, Costa Rica, Honduras y Ecuador.

El análisis buscará aportar con elementos básicos para la construcción de Ciudades Intermedias como nodos de desarrollo y las posibles líneas de trabajos académicos e institucionales necesarios para fortalecer las políticas públicas, tales como:
1. La articulación del territorio productivo, en sus diferentes modalidades sociales y económicas, con el/los centros urbanos existentes.
2. El marco institucional del Ordenamiento Territorial en la gestión del territorio, que cumpla con un Modelo de Desarrollo, orientado a la soberanía alimentaria y la competitividad
3. Las capacidades productivas de los actores, brindando los servicios para la producción, el turismo y la conectividad, y fortaleciendo su capacidad organizativa y de representación.
4. Identificación de los posibles nodos de servicios básicos, estableciendo referencias con ciudades mayores.
5. La integración de las ciudades intermedias a los marcos institucionales de los Planes Nacionales de Desarrollo o a las Estrategias Territoriales de Desarrollo Rural.
Carlos Hugo Molina, Director de CEPAD y coordinador académico del evento, señala que “este será el segundo encuentro internacional con la finalidad de analizar el desafío que la creciente migración de la población hacia ciudades representa para todo el continente americano y el rol que tienen y deberían tener las ciudades intermedias. El primer encuentro Internacional se realizó en el mes de diciembre de 2016 en Asunción de Paraguay donde participaron alcaldes y autoridades de américa interesadas en conocer sobre las experiencias de desarrollo de ciudades intermedias, compartiendo experiencias de los países de la Región Sur y el caso Centroamericano”.

Algunos de los datos que fundamentan la relevancia del encuentro a realizarse en Centroamérica son:

Inauguración
Foto archivo del Encuentro Internacional “El reto de las ciudades intermedias, inteligentes y productivas”

• Según el Informe del Estado de la Región 2016, en Centroamérica, durante el periodo 2010 – 2013, la población urbana continuó aumentando a ritmos distintos entre los países, por ejemplo, Panamá y Costa Rica lo hicieron en forma más acelerada; en El Salvador, Guatemala y Nicaragua el incremento de la mancha urbana osciló entre el 141% y el 143%. El hacinamiento en los hogares y la calidad de la vivienda son las principales carencias que afectan a las familias de la Región.
• La falta de oportunidades sigue dinamizando los flujos de migración extra-regional en busca de mejores condiciones laborales y para huir de la violencia y la criminalidad. Por otro lado, la migración internacional es otro factor determinante en los cambios demográficos de la Región. Solamente en 2015, cerca de 4 millones de personas (alrededor del 8% de la población Centroamericana) vivían fuera de su país de origen. El 82% de ellos migraron hacia Estados Unidos de América mientras que los migrantes intra-regionales representaron un 13% del total.
• En 2014, cerca de 26.5 millones de centroamericanos (59% de la población) tenían al menos una necesidad básica insatisfecha esto mucho más agravado en zonas rurales, siendo Guatemala y Nicaragua los países que poseen los índices de desarrollo humano (IDH) más bajos.
• Los países de la Región Centroamericana han realizado diversas acciones y estrategias conducentes hacia mejorar la calidad de vida de las poblaciones rurales, disminuir la migración y dinamizar el desarrollo sostenible, sin embargo, estas aun requieren incorporar otros mecanismos que puedan promover inteligencia colectiva y productividad como mecanismo de dinamización de la economía rural y la generación de oportunidades.
• Desde una perspectiva que va más allá de lo netamente urbanístico, el considerar la integralidad del concepto de Desarrollo Sostenible y Territorialidad toma un interés especial bajo criterios de inclusión de las poblaciones por medio de prácticas y enfoques que agreguen valor, logren diferenciación y promuevan la creación de servicios complementarios que mejoren la calidad de vida. Además es imperativo considerar factores de salud, seguridad alimentaria, comunicación, vialidad, entre otros.

En este contexto, es evidente que el enfoque de las Ciudades Intermedias puede actuar como nodo de desarrollo sostenible y generador de oportunidades para poblaciones que viven entre lo urbano y lo rural. Sin embargo, para lograr este efecto, se debe trascender a un concepto que va más allá de lo urbanístico, incorporando un abordaje integral que contemple conceptos de desarrollo sostenible.

Mayor información del evento (programa, expositores, nota conceptual, etc.) se puede encontrar en la web www.ciudadesintermedias.org.bo

 

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