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La historia de los pueblos indígenas en los últimos siglos no ha sido sencilla. Relegados de la historia oficial desde la época de la conquista española han tenido que soportar enormes presiones políticas y económicas por defender sus territorios ancestrales. De hecho, informes científicos han señalado claramente que las regiones que se han mantenido bajo la protección de comunidades indígenas son las que han preservado de mejor manera el ecosistema.
¿Cuánto han avanzado los pueblos indígenas en la protección de su territorio? Cuatro experiencias que te harán sentir optimista.

Perú: Comunidad matsiguenka convierte su territorio en nueva área de conservación privada
Luego de una larga espera, la comunidad nativa de Matoriato del pueblo indígena matsiguenka logró que el Estado peruano reconozca su territorio ancestral como un área de conservación privada (ACP) con una dimensión total de más de 1700 hectáreas. La nueva ACP se encuentra en la región de Cusco y lleva el mismo nombre que la comunidad. El objetivo de convertir este territorio en un área protegida es que se convierta en un refugio que protege de la caza ilegal a especies emblemáticas de la zona como el oso de anteojos (Tremarctos ornatus) y el guacamayo verde (Ara militaris).
La nueva ACP no solo enfoca su actividad en la conservación ambiental, también promoverá actividades sostenibles para mejorar la calidad de vida indígena como el ecoturismo e impulsará programas educativos que revaloren la cosmovisión indígena. Mira aquí las maravillas que esconde la nueva ACP Matoriato aquí.

Colombia: grupo indígena arhuaco recibe 500 hectáreas para proteger la biodiversidad
El pueblo indígena arhuaco, que habita en los bosques de la cordillera costeña de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, sufrió en los últimos años la dura realidad de vivir en medio del conflicto entre ejército, la guerrilla y los paramilitares. En el 2017, el presidente Juan Manuel Santos anunció la ejecución del programa Guardabosques Corazón del Mundo, gracias al cual se oficializó la entrega de 500 hectáreas al pueblo arhuaco.
El objetivo del programa es promover la conservación de los bosques frente a amenazas como la expansión de cultivos ilícitos de coca, la tala ilegal y el cambio climático. Conoce la valerosa e inspiradora historia del pueblo arhuaco en el siguiente enlace.

Ecuador: las mujeres waorani y su trabajo para proteger el bosque amazónico
Los waorani son una de las nacionalidades indígenas que mantiene mejor conservados los bosques en Ecuador, según el informe emitido por la Fundación EcoCiencia sobre la deforestación en la región amazónica del Ecuador entre el 2000 y 2015. En 15 años, su territorio solo ha sufrido la deforestación de 33 km2 de un área total de 13 551 km2.
Entre el pueblo waorani, han sido las mujeres quienes lideran nuevas iniciativas de conservación del bosque. Más de 300 mujeres de esa comunidad dirigen el programa “Chocolate para la Conservación”, que promueve el cultivo sostenible del cacao y la práctia de la agricultura sin deforestación en la Reserva de Biósfera del Yasuní. Además, han logrado convencer al resto de la población de unirse al proyecto y no continuar con la caza indiscriminada de fauna para la carne monte. Para saber más sobre estas emprendedoras mujeres ingresa aquí.

Bolivia: indígenas guaraníes promueven reserva para salvar los últimos guanacos del Gran Chaco
El guanaco (Lama guanicoe) es una especie de auquénido emblema del pueblo indígena guaraní de Bolivia, tanto así que incluso fue declarado símbolo oficial en el Estatuto de la Autonomía Guaraní Charagua ‘’Iyambae’’. Sin embargo, el guanaco se encuentra gravemente amenazado debido a la pérdida de su hábitat por las extensas alambradas de fincas ganaderas que fragmentan su espacio natural al sur del departamento de Santa Cruz. En la actualidad, estudios han señalado que solo existen entre 100 a 200 guanacos en el ecosistema del Gran Chaco Boliviano. El Libro Rojo de la Fauna Silvestre de Vertebrados de Bolivia lo ha calificado como una especie En Peligro Crítico.
Para proteger a esta valiosa especie, el pueblo guaraní de Bolivia está impulsando la creación de un área protegida, una Reserva de Vida Silvestre de una extensión total de más de 280 000 hectáreas. Para conocer los detalles de esta historia por la protección del guanaco ingresa aquí.

Foto de portada: Mencayn poda las plantas de cacao para que puedan crecer mejor/Foto de Valeria Sorgato.
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