La 12ª Reunión de la Conferencia de las Partes Contratantes de la Convención de Ramsar sobre los Humedales (COP12) se llevará a cabo en Punta del Este, Uruguay, del 1 al 9 de junio de 2015. Bajo el slogan “Humedales para nuestro futuro”, se evaluará el progreso de la Convención y el uso sustentable de los humedales. Bolivia forma parte del acuerdo Ramsar desde 1990 y actualmente tiene declarado 11 sitios Ramsar que hacen un total de 14,8 millones de hectáreas.
Durante nueve días Uruguay será la sede de la 12ª Reunión de la Conferencia de las Partes Contrantes de la Convención de Ramsar sobre los Humedales (COP12), evento que albergará a cerca de 1200 participantes provenientes de más de 160 países, y en el que se expondrá el progreso de la Convención y el uso sustentable de los humedales hasta el momento; se compartirá conocimientos y experiencias en asuntos técnicos, y los participantes promoverán políticas y lineamientos con el fin de avanzar en los objetivos del Convenio.
Un acuerdo por el medio ambiente
Ramsar es el más antiguo de los modernos acuerdos intergubernamentales sobre el medio ambiente. El tratado se negoció en la década de los 60 entre países y organizaciones no gubernamentales preocupados por la creciente pérdida y degradación de los hábitats de humedales para las aves acuáticas migratorias. Se adoptó en la ciudad iraní de Ramsar en 1971 y entró en vigor en 1975.
La misión de la Convención es la conservación y el uso racional de los humedales mediante acciones locales y nacionales y gracias a la cooperación internacional, como contribución al logro de un desarrollo sostenible en todo el mundo. Se incluye dentro de la definición de los humedales, todos los lagos y ríos, acuíferos subterráneos, pantanos y marismas, pastizales húmedos, turberas, oasis, estuarios, deltas y bajos de marea, manglares y otras zonas costeras, arrecifes coralinos, y sitios artificiales como estanques piscícolas, arrozales, reservorios y salinas.
Los humedales son vitales para la supervivencia humana ya que son uno de los entornos más productivos del mundo, y son cunas de diversidad biológica y fuentes de agua y productividad primaria de las que innumerables especies vegetales y animales dependen para subsistir. Además, son indispensables por los innumerables beneficios o «servicios funciones ecosistémicaos» que brindan a la humanidad, desde suministro de agua dulce, alimentos y materiales de construcción, y biodiversidad, hasta control de crecidas, recarga de aguas subterráneas y mitigación del cambio climático. Sin embargo, continúa su degradación y conversión para otros usos.
Humedales en Bolivia
El Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia forma parte de la Convención Ramsar desde 1990, y actualmente tiene declarado 11 sitios Ramsar que hacen un total de 14,8 millones de hectáreas, liderizando la lista a nivel mundial como el país con la mayor área designada de humedales de importancia internacional.
Tres de los sitios, Los Lípez, la Cuenca de Tajzara y los Lagos Poopó y Uru Uru representan un complejo de más de sesenta humedales altoandinos que se distribuyen en la región altiplánica de Bolivia brindando sustento y albergue a grandes concentraciones de aves acuáticas. Los flamencos altoandinos probablemente son las especies más sobresalientes, consideradas especies bandera pues se reproducen en algunos de estos humedales con características extremas y singulares, como Laguna Colorada. Culturas milenarias como la Nación Uru sigue subsistiendo gracias a las actividades de pesca y manejo de recursos en los lagos Poopó y Uru Uru.
El Lago Titicaca, a más de 3800 msnm, es el lago navegable de agua dulce más alto del mundo. Transfronterizo con la república de Perú, fue el epicentro de desarrollo de grandes civilizaciones en los Andes. La población mayoritariamente aymara, vive de la pesca y de la agricultura que se desarrolla en sus orillas. Peces nativos endémicos del lago, el zambullidor del Titicaca y la rana gigante del lago son una muestra de la singular biodiversidad de fauna y flora presente en el humedal. La región colindante al Lago Titicaca es considerada el centro de origen de importantes especies alimenticias como la papa y la quinua.
En lo que respecta a la región amazónica de Bolivia, en el departamento del Beni, se encuentran tres sitios Ramsar: las cuencas de los ríos Matos, Yata y Blanco que representan el complejo de humedales más extenso del mundo, con casi 7 millones de hectáreas. Existe una impresionante biodiversidad de especies amazónicas vegetales y animales en la región, importantes poblaciones de jaguar, el ciervo de los pantanos, la londra, el delfín de río o bufeo, el oso bandera, varias especies de monos y aves dependen del delicado equilibrio ecológico que se ha establecido en la región que aun alberga pueblos indígenas que realizan cacería de subsistencia y recorren estas llanuras durante todo el año.
En dirección sureste del territorio boliviano, se encuentran los sitios Ramsar Palmar de las Islas y Salinas de San José; los Bañados del Izozog y el Río Parapeti, y Laguna Concepción; humedales típicos de la región biogeográfica chaqueña, que representan importantes reservorios de agua durante la época seca y aseguran la supervivencia y presencia no sólo de especies animales de gran porte como el pejichi, el anta, el jaguar, cigüeñas y lagartos sino para muchas especies de aves migratorias boreales que utilizan temporalmente estos humedales en su viaje hacia el sur del continente. Del mismo modo que en el resto de los humedales bolivianos, estos sitios han coadyuvado con el desarrollo de pueblos étnicos como los Ayoreode, Chiquitanos e Izozeño-Guaraníes que se asentaron en los alrededores de estos sitios para el desarrollo de sus actividades.
El Pantanal boliviano es el humedal de agua dulce más grande del mundo y por lo tanto más importante de la región neotropical. Con una superficie total estimada entre los 16 y 20 millones de hectáreas se encuentra entre Brasil, Paraguay y Bolivia.
Por las características únicas de este ecosistema, el Pantanal comprende una riquísima biodiversidad con alrededor de 4.700 especies de las cuales 110 son únicas en el mundo: se registraron 3.500 especies de plantas, 325 especies de peces, 656 de aves y 159 de mamíferos.
El Pantanal provee de beneficios ambientales y económicos como el mantenimiento y purificación de las fuentes de agua y mantenimiento de la fertilidad de los suelos, que son necesarias para el consumo humano, animal, la producción agropecuaria y el transporte fluvial.
Los humedales son ecosistemas frágiles, vulnerables, expuestos a diferentes amenazas que comprometen la cantidad y la calidad de agua de estos humedales. Para conservar los valores culturales y de la biodiversidad de estos ecosistemas es importante considerar los intereses de las poblaciones locales, construir una visión común y asegurar su participación activa y compromiso con la continuidad de cada uno de ellos.
Preparan libro de los humedales en Bolivia
Bajo un trabajo conjunto de WWF Bolivia y el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Agua, el libro “Bolivia, Agua y Vida: humedales de importancia internacional” se alista para su presentación en la 12ª Reunión de la Conferencia de las Partes Contrantes de la Convención de Ramsar sobre los Humedales (COP12) que se llevará a cabo en Uruguay, del 1 al 9 de junio próximo. Impresionantes imágenes que se destacan por la riqueza en paisaje y biodiversidad, llevarán al lector a un recorrido gráfico por los 11 sitios Ramsar de Bolivia: Los Lípez (Potosí), la cuenca de Tajzara (Tarija), los lagos Poopó y Uru Uru (Oruro), lago Titicaca (La Paz), Palmar de las Islas y Salinas de San José; los bañados del Izozog y el río Parapetí, y Laguna Concepción; Pantanal boliviano (Santa Cruz), y los ríos Matos, Yata y Blanco (Beni).
Además de las gráficas, el libro proporcionará importantes datos de cada uno de los sitios Ramsar, como ser: fecha de creación, superficie, biodiversidad, valor cultural, superposición son áreas protegidas y/o Tierras Comunitarias de Origen (TCOs), criterios Ramsar que se cumplieron para su designación, y características que hacen únicos estos lugares.
WWF realizó un exhaustivo trabajo de recopilación de material fotográfico, por lo que se podrá apreciar el trabajo de destacados fotógrafos conservacionistas tanto nacionales como extranjeros. La primera edición del libro será entregada como presente para los delegados que participen en la COP12 Uruguay.
☎ Celular: +(591) 70079347 (Doly Leytón Arnez)
✉ Email: prensa@periodicolaregion.com
✉ Email: prensa.laregion@gmail.com
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